1 Pound – United Kingdom

In 2001, the United Kingdom's currency situation was defined by its notable absence from the Eurozone. Following the 1997 election, the Labour government had adopted a policy of "prepare and decide," committing to a national referendum on adopting the euro should five economic tests be met. By 2001, these tests—concerning convergence, flexibility, investment, financial services, and growth—were under formal assessment, creating a climate of sustained uncertainty for businesses and investors. The pound sterling remained a fully independent and freely floating currency, with its value against the euro and US dollar subject to market forces and the perceived likelihood of future UK entry.

The period was marked by a strong pound, which traded at a significant premium against the newly launched euro. This strength was partly attributed to the UK's relatively robust economic performance compared to the Eurozone and high domestic interest rates set by the independent Bank of England. However, this strong sterling presented a serious challenge to UK manufacturing and export-oriented sectors, as it made British goods more expensive abroad and squeezed profit margins. The government and the Treasury, under Chancellor Gordon Brown, were deeply engaged in the technical assessment of the five tests, a process that dominated monetary policy discussions.

Ultimately, the currency situation in 2001 was one of watchful waiting. While much of continental Europe had fully transitioned to euro banknotes and coins by January 2002, the UK remained firmly on the sidelines with its historic pound. The political and economic debate was intensely focused on the impending assessment of the five tests, the results of which would determine whether the country would move toward a referendum. This state of unresolved ambiguity meant that sterling's value and the UK's long-term monetary framework were contingent on a major pending political-economic decision.