10 Centavos – Angola

In 1927, Angola's currency situation was intrinsically tied to its status as a Portuguese colony, operating within a complex framework of metropolitan control and local economic realities. The official currency was the Angolan escudo, which had replaced the Angolan real in 1914 at a rate of 1,000 réis to 1 escudo. Crucially, it was pegged at par to the Portuguese escudo, meaning monetary policy was dictated entirely by Lisbon. This peg aimed to facilitate trade and financial integration with the metropole but often failed to reflect Angola's distinct economic conditions, which were heavily based on agricultural exports like coffee and diamonds, and a growing reliance on forced labour.

The period was marked by significant instability and a shortage of physical currency in circulation, particularly outside major coastal cities like Luanda and Benguela. This scarcity hampered commercial transactions and led to the continued use of older coins and even barter in remote areas. Furthermore, the Portuguese escudo itself was undergoing a period of weakness and fluctuation following World War I, which indirectly affected the Angolan economy. The colony's financial system was rudimentary, dominated by a few Portuguese banks, notably the Banco Nacional Ultramarino, which held the exclusive right to issue banknotes for Angola.

Ultimately, the 1927 currency situation underscored Angola's dependent colonial economy. The fixed parity with an unstable metropolitan currency, combined with internal cash shortages, created a restrictive environment for local commerce and development. This framework would persist until the mid-20th century, serving Portuguese imperial interests by channelling Angolan resources and trade through Lisbon, while limiting the colony's financial autonomy and exacerbating regional economic disparities within Angola itself.