10 Euro (Normandy landings) – France

In 2024, France's currency situation remains firmly anchored within the Eurozone framework, with the euro (€) as its sole legal tender. The primary monetary policy, including interest rates and broader measures to ensure price stability, is set by the European Central Bank (ECB), with the Banque de France playing a key operational role. The dominant focus for the year is the ongoing battle against inflation, which peaked post-pandemic and following the energy shocks of the Ukraine war. While inflation has begun to recede from its highs, the ECB's cautious stance on interest rate cuts aims to sustainably return to the 2% target, directly impacting borrowing costs for French households, businesses, and government debt.

Domestically, the currency discussion is less about the euro's existence and more about its management and economic impact. There is persistent political debate, particularly from the far-left and far-right factions, criticizing the ECB's tight monetary policy for potentially stifling growth and advocating for a regime more supportive of state-led investment. However, mainstream commitment to the euro remains unwavering, seen as essential for France's financial stability and its core position within the European Union. Practical concerns for citizens and businesses center on purchasing power, as stubbornly high prices for energy, food, and services continue to strain budgets despite nominal wage increases.

Looking forward, the French currency landscape in 2024 is also shaped by digital innovation and geopolitical tensions. The ECB's investigation phase for a digital euro continues, prompting discussions about the future of payments and financial sovereignty. Furthermore, the euro's international role and resilience are tested by global volatility, including energy dependency and trade realignments. Ultimately, France's monetary stability is tied to the euro's performance, with national economic policy focused on competitiveness and structural reforms to strengthen the economy within the single currency area, rather than on any unilateral currency changes.